How do you say carbon in Japanese?
— 炭素 (たんそ, tanso); 炭素

Generic synonyms for carbon in Japanese
paper紙 (かみ, kami)
Substance meronyms for carbon in Japanese
oil石油 (せきゆ, sekiyu); 油 (あぶら, abura)
petroleum石油 (せきゆ, sekiyu)