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Definition of Index case
1. Noun. The earliest documented case of a disease that is included in an epidemiological study.
Medical Definition of Index case
1. A person who first draws attention to their family. For example, if my eye doctor discovers i have glaucoma and subsequently other cases of glaucoma are found in my family, i am the index case. Also called the propositus (if male) or proposita (if female). (12 Dec 1998)